Organik Gübre

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF AGRICULTURES

Organic matter plays an important role in the physical ,checimal and biological condition of the soil.Agood  soil structure optimizes water availability and air distribution ,winch stimulates root activity.Mineral fertilizers are used to main tain crop yields,but they lose efficiency when the levelof oranicmetarialinthe soil becomes too low.High guatiliy organic content improve mineral fertilizer efficiency.

The law of complex action of all growth and development factors of plants, based on nutrition theory and photosynthesis.

The law of constant increase in for­tuity of soils - provided that the nudilivo elements are returned into soil, as well as the biogenic elements from the en­vironment, the effective fertility of soil will increase. That is a fundamental law, acting above all other laws

Level of productivity and fertility of soil will be dependant on how the laws of crop-growing agriculture are applied in practice.

The law of substances return to soil (discovered by Liebig in 1840). Accord­ing to this law, it is necessary to return the nutritive elements into soil, carried out by crop or wasted as the result of other reasons, by application of cor­responding fertilizers or through other agrotechnical methods.

Closely connected with the law of return, is the law of minimum, optimum and maximum or the law of limiting fac­tors - productivity of cultures depends on the factor or nutritive element which is at minimum, when the value of one factor, for example temperature, lim­its the supply of nutritive elements to plant, thus deteriorating physiological and biochemical processes in plants.

The law of irreplaceable and equiv­alent factors (moisture, nutritive ele­ments, air, warmth, light, etc.) - neither of the factors of growth can be replaced by others, even similar in characteristics and influence on plants.

The law of optimal combination of growth and development factors (mois­ture, nutritive elements, air, warmth, light).

The law of combined and interde­pendent development of phytocenosis and place of cultivation - not only indi­vidual organism is linked to the place of cultivation, but also the vegetation on the whole interact with the environment.

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ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

Organic fertilizes are the most ef­fective means of incioasiim the lortility of soils, improving crop capacity and the quality of agricultural producu Applica­tion of fertilizers allows to manago the processes of plants' nutrition, to influ­ence the quality of the harvest and the fertility of soil and its physical, chomical and biological properties.

 

farmlands do use all available means and measures to cover the plants' re­quirements, taking into account all sci­entifically substantiated technological requirements.

ORGANIZATION OF EFFECTIVE ORGANIC NOURISHMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PLANTS

Principles of macronutrient nourishment

In modern agriculture it is practically impossible to effectively cultivate agricul­tural plants gathering abundant and high- quality harvests, and maintaining and re­producing fertility of soils without the use of organic fertilizers.

From soil, plants absorb nourish­ing elements (macro- and micro-) which fire used for the biomass increase and full-blown functioning. However, avail­ability of nourishing elements in soil and amount of elements accessible to plants depend on a number of factors (cul­ture, soil and climatic conditions as well as cultivation practices). Absorption of nourishing elements by plants gener­ally goes through the root system, which makes it necessary to apply organic fer­tilizers to the root area of plants.

During the vegetation period, ab­sorption of nourishing elements by plants is disproportionate. Plants are especially demanding to the conditions of organic nourishment at the early stages of their growth and develop­ment. In this connection, it is very ef­fective to use row fertilizing with readily available forms of nourishing elements when sowing or planting cultures.

The organic matter subsequently accumulates due to the repeated use (re-utilization) of nourishing elements which entered the plant earlier. It is only the leguminous plants that continue to acquire nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium after the growth of leaves has stopped.

The main conditions of the effective utilization of nourishing elements from organic fertilizers are complianl with op­timum doses and conditions, methods of applying of fertilizers as well as Ihe usage of their various forms and adheicnce to correct cultural and cropping methods.

Below you will find lisled Ihe es­sential functions.ol Ihe macvonutrients used by plants:

Nitrogen in organic matter is an indispensable com­ponent of albuminous malleis. It regu­lates the growth of vetielalive mass and determines the level ol piod activity of plants together with their qualily.

c is an element of nutri­tion supply. It activates Ilu? cjmwth of root system, accelerates tiansilion from vegetative to generative development and processes of formation and ripen­ing of seed. It also increases drought and frost resistance.

Potassium concentrates in young viable organs and tissues of cultures. It intensifies formation of sugars and its transition in tissues, increases plant's resistance to illnesses, droughts and light frosts.

Magnesium enhances the intensity of photosynthesis and chlorophyll formation and influences regeneration ol oxygen, activates fermentative processes. Calcium stimulates the growth and development of plants and their root system. It stimulates metabolism and improves resistance of plants to harm­ful action of acids and cations (sodium, aluminum, iron, manganese).

Sulphur constitutes an integral part of albuminous matter. This element par­ticipates in oxygen regeneration pro­cesses and plays an exceptionally im­portant role in the plant metabolism.

It is necessary to remember that non­compliance with nourishing rules directly influences loss of harvests and its quality.

Principles of micronutrient nourishment

Microelements are chemical ele­ments which are required for normal vital activity of plants and are used by them in micro quantities in comparison to the basic elements of nutrition. However, their role is very important. The essential ones are iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum and boron. Their deficiency in soil causes decline in both the intensity of growth and physiological processes in plants and can bring on ill­nesses or even death.

Iron regulates photosynthesis, breathing, protein metabolism and bio­synthesis of growth substances.

Copper regulates breathing, pho­tosynthesis, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. It increases plants' resis­tance to unfavorable environment con­ditions and illnesses.

Zinc is very important for impreg­nation of plants and the development of embryo. It controls albumen, carbo­hydrate and phosphoric metabolism as well as biosynthesis of vitamins and growth substances.

Manganese plays an important

role in the process of photosynthesis, : breathing, carbohydrate and protein metabolism.

Cobalt is very active in oxygen re-1 generation and has a positive impact on ^ breathing and energy exchange.

Molybdenum regulates a nitric ex- change and is essential for fixing atmo- S spheric nitrogen in plant. ;

Boron regulates pollination and fe- S tus formation, and carbohydrate and f protein metabolism. It also increases resistance to illnesses.

Cultures considerably differ in their need for microelements and are divided into 3 groups: grain crops (with a low need for microelements), cultivated cultures (increased need for microele­ments) and vegetable cultures (high need for microelements, especially for vegetables on closed soil).

High humidity of soil and right farm­ing techniques stimulates good supply of microelements in,plants. Agility of nourishing elements is also influenced by the reaction of the ground solution. With increased acidity level in soil, plants ? are poorly supplied with molybdenum, whereas the increase in alkalinity level causes undersupply of manganese, zinc, boron. Microelements are needed most at the early stages of plant's de­velopment and during formation of re­productive organs and impregnation.

It is essential to use both macro- and micro-elements during irrigation, as they are brought out to the surface. Besides, microelements allow plants to better consume and fully process nitro- gen, phosphorus and potassium.

It is worthwhile remembering that, ac|l cording to Liebig's law, any deficiency of a . 4 nutrient, no matter how small an amount

 

The vital importance of oiynnio fer­tilizers consists in enticllmoht ol soil with organic substance, which turns into humus during the procoss of liuinl- fication.

Cultivation of crops without appli­cation of organic fertilizers results in the decrease of humus content in soil, which influences the fertility of soil, due to the mineralization of humus. In particular, decrease in humus' conlonl in soil for just 1% determines the de­crease of crop capacity for 5 t:on triors per hectare in grain units.

 

is needed, crucially influences yield and its quality and subsequently holds back plant development. Therefore, the role of microelements should not be underesti­mated, when compared to basic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potas­sium, magnesium, calcium.

The biggest benefit from microele­ments' usage will be achieved when their impact on biochemical processes is tak­en into account. It is very important to de­liver every element exactly at the moment when it is most needed.

Influence of macro- and microelements on the productivity of agricultural plants and their quality Application of organic fertilizers with balanced content of macro- and mi­croelements allows to considerably in­crease the productivity of agricultural plants, to improve quality of products and to facilitate increasing resistance to unfa­vorable climatic conditions and illnesses, positively influence the fertility of soil.

There is a great amount of macro- and microelements accumulated in fer­tilizer, which are immediately assimilat­ed by plants. It contains series of growth substances, vitamins, amino acids and useful microflora. The chemical reaction of organic fertilizer is neutral. As a result of the fact that or­ganic fertilizer contains the whole complex of useful matters, it can be used for all agricultural plants, but it is especially useful for those, which need nutrients in a concentrated form, with a balanced chemical composition. This fertilizer with prolonged action, having synchronous effect, is a new type of fertilizer for harvesting of eco­logically clean products, capable of re­viving soil and reducing anthropogenic influence, especially after application of high doses of fertilizers. Research showed 40-70% increase in harvest of many agricultural cultures, with a positive af­tereffect on crops of some cultures for several years in a row.

Humification coefficient of this fertil­izer is 20-30%, while for humus it is only 10%. Due to intensive fermentation this organic fertilizer contains an outstand­ing amount of biologically active mat­ters (auksins, heteroauxins, etc.), which considerably reduce stress for plants, especially seedlings when transplant­ed in soil, reinforce their acceptability, increase speed of the germination of seeds, increase resistance of plants to diseases, influence the speed of growth and development of plants, thus lead­ing to harvests of high biological quality, suitable for long term storage. The fertilizer is able to retain upto 75% of water and in 15-20 times more effec­tive than any other organic fertilizer.

 

 

Composition of fertil­izers	Content
Macroelements, gen­eral content	%
Nitrogen (N)	3,5
Phosphorus (P205)	2,5
Potassium (Kp)	3
Calcium (Ca)	4
Magnesium (Mg)	1
Microelements, con­tent of mobile connec­tions	mg/kg
Cobalt (Co)	2
Copper (Cu)	100
Zinc (Zn)	300
Iron (Fe)	1800
Manganese (Mn)	330
pH	6,5-7
C/N	10

With application of Orgevit, it is possible change  the direction of metabolic process and to increase accumulation of amino acids, proteins, starch, sucrose, fats and other important substances for agricultural produce.

Effect of the fertilizer on soil

 

Organic fertilizer Orgevit has a versatile positive effect on agrochemi- cal, physico-chemical and biological characteristics of soil. When organic fertilizer Orgevit, with high buffer capacity, is applied to soil, it does not promote the surplus concentration of salts in soil solution, as in the case of mineral fertilizers. In organic fertilizer Orgevit the content of humic acids, nitrogen and their proportion with ful- vic acids characterize the quality of the fertilizer. Organic fertilizer of humic or fulvic-humic type stimulates the whole complex of physical characteristics of soil at the expense of forming agro- nomically valuable structure.

The special added value to this fertil­izer is given by humic acids contained and reaches 21,5% in terms of dry matter.

The given fertilizer contains a great quantity of biologically active substanc­es, and their specific microflora is capa­ble to regenerate dead soil, i.e. to sat­isfy all the necessities of soil and ensure high level of fertility.

Organic fertilizer Orgevit sub­stantially influences the acidity of soil and can bring the pH level to normal. It is also important that phosphorus and nitrogen are quickly absorbed by plants.

Mechanism of the fertilizer's action

Nutritive elements are in organic form, thus preserved better from wash­ing out and have a prolonged action.

Orgevit contains all substances necessary for plants in the easily assimilated form. It has an optimum reaction of soil solution and contains a rich flora of bacteria. When it is decomposed by microorgan­isms, macro- and micro-elements are freed, the plants are supplied with car­bohydrates necessary for photosynthe­sis of plants. The nutrients in fertilizer are easily dissolved in water and can feed plants for a long period of time.

Application of organic fertilizer Orgevit will allow to make significant annual savings with nearly ten times lower costs of application of organic matter, with three times less expensive means of crop protection and amelio­ration. It allows not only to save money, but also in fuels and lubricants, spare parts and components. And the most important thing is that it allows to re­generate the soil's fertility, especially the eroded ones and to bring them back ready for crop alteration of full value. Besides that, the quantitative and quali­tative characteristics of crops gathered become much higher, the crops can be stored significantly longer, and people get the biologically valuable products.

At present, the agricultural manu­facturers have everything ready for ap­plication of organic fertilizer Orgevit and to lower the rate of application of the mineral fertilizers for 50%. It should also be noticed that 1 ton of this fertil­izer is equivalent to 10-15 tons of tradi­tional organics, which also allows to get additional profit.

 

RECOMMENDATIONS ON APPLICATION OF ORGEVİT / TERRAVIT / BIO BALANCE

The application of organic fertilizer Orgevit is just mixing it with soil withrecommended dose.How deep is depending on plant root formation.

Following all recommendations on  application of organic fertilizer Orgevit will allow to supply cultures with the needed macro- and microelements tak­ing into account their biological features and intensity of absorption of elements during the vegetation period.

The rates of application of the fertil­izer depend on the content of nutritive elements and organic mass in soil and on the kind of crop.